Hát Then: The Sacred Melodies of Northern Vietnam

This video showcases a captivating Then performance by the Tay ethnic community, native to the mountainous Northeastern region of Vietnam.

Hát Then: The Sacred Melodies of Northern Vietnam’s Ethnic Groups

                 Journey to the mountainous northern provinces of Vietnam, and you’ll encounter a captivating and deeply spiritual art form known as Hát Then. This unique ritual singing, performed primarily by the Tày, Nùng, and Thái ethnic minority groups, is far more than just music; it’s a sacred bridge between the human and spiritual worlds. Recognized by UNESCO in 2019 as an Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity, Hát Then embodies centuries of belief, cultural wisdom, and artistic expression.

SPECIAL OUTLINE

Get an immediate grasp of our article’s core and structure through these key highlights:

• Then Singing’s spiritual essence, exploring its role as a sacred voyage guided by the mystical Then master.
• Delve into the unique instruments and vocal artistry that define Hát Then, notably the melodic Tính Tẩu and expressive chanting.
• Uncover the profound cultural significance of Then Singing, from preserving ancient heritage to ongoing efforts for its preservation.

IMMERSE YOURSELF IN THE ANCIENT RHYTHMS AND SACRED STORIES THAT MAKE THEN SINGING A SOUL-STIRRING EXPERIENCE OF VIETNAM’S NORTH!

Now, let’s explore the captivating world and enduring legacy of Then Singing – a true testament to Vietnam’s vibrant ethnic cultures!

1. A Spiritual Voyage Guided by Music

Hát Then is essentially a ritualistic musical ceremony performed by a Then master (Ông Then for male, Bà Then for female) who acts as a spiritual intermediary. These masters are highly respected figures in their communities, serving as shamans, healers, and performers. The term “Then” itself is believed to derive from “Thiên,” meaning “Heaven,” reflecting the art form’s connection to the divine.

The performances are typically held during significant life events and communal ceremonies, such as:

• Prayers for good health and prosperity: Seeking blessings from deities.
• Healing rituals: Addressing illnesses or misfortunes.
• Thanksgiving ceremonies: Expressing gratitude for bountiful harvests.
• New house blessings: Invoking peace and good fortune for new beginnings.
• Funerals: Guiding the souls of the deceased.

Each Hát Then performance is a metaphorical journey to the spiritual realm, where the Then master, accompanied by enchanting melodies, invokes deities, seeks their guidance, and conveys messages between the living and the spirit world.

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2. The Instruments and Voices of Hát Then

The enchanting sounds of Hát Then are distinct and deeply atmospheric, relying on a small, yet powerful, ensemble:

• Tính Tẩu: The most iconic instrument, a long-necked, three-stringed lute unique to Hát Then. Its resonant, often melancholic, sound provides the backbone of the melodies, guiding the spiritual journey.
• Chùm Sóc (Rattles): These bundles of bells or coins are shaken rhythmically by the Then master, producing a percussive sound that symbolizes the opening of the spiritual gates and helps induce a trance-like state.
• Chiêng (Gong) and Trống (Drum): Used sparingly but effectively to mark significant moments, transitions, and to emphasize the ritualistic nature of the performance.

The vocals are central to Hát Then. The Then master’s singing style is a blend of poetic recitation, melodic chanting, and expressive storytelling. The lyrics are rich in imagery, often describing the spiritual voyage, encounters with deities, and the blessings being sought. The master’s voice, combined with the unique timbre of the tính tẩu, creates an almost hypnotic atmosphere that draws listeners into the ritual.

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3. More Than Music: A Cultural Tapestry

Beyond its spiritual function, Hát Then serves as a vital repository of the Tày, Nùng, and Thái ethnic groups’ cultural knowledge. It preserves:

• Ancient folklore and legends: Through the narratives within the songs.
• Historical accounts: Reflecting ancestral experiences.
• Ethical values and community norms: Guiding moral conduct.
• Traditional costumes and rituals: Showcased during the performances.

The continuity of Hát Then relies heavily on the oral tradition, with knowledge and skills passed down from master to apprentice, often within families. This intergenerational transfer is crucial for safeguarding its authenticity and spiritual essence.

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4. Preserving a Precious Heritage

In recent decades, Hát Then, like many traditional art forms, faced challenges from modernization and changing lifestyles. However, with the dedicated efforts of local communities, cultural researchers, and the Vietnamese government, especially following its UNESCO recognition, significant strides have been made in its preservation. Initiatives include:

• Training new Then masters: To ensure the knowledge is passed on.
• Documenting the art form: Through recordings, research, and publications.
• Promoting public awareness: Through festivals, performances, and educational programs.
• Integrating into local tourism: Allowing visitors to respectfully experience this unique cultural gem.

 Experiencing a Hát Then performance is a profound opportunity to connect with the spiritual depth and rich cultural heritage of Vietnam’s ethnic minority groups. It’s a reminder of the power of music to transcend the ordinary and touch the divine.

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